ABSTRACT

Authors: MURHULA BISHIKWABO Frédéric, CT. Ir. BIRINDWA RUTEGA Damas and Prof. Dr. Ir. BISIMWA BASENGERE Espoir
Cassava is in general a culture of big importance in the South-Kivu and more especially in the groupings of Cirunga, Kagabi and Mudaka. However since the years 1990, cassava knows some problems in this province of which most important was the apparition of the epidemic of the African mosaic of cassava. On this day, it was added the epidemic of the brunette groove of cassava, in addition to the problems of climatic change and decrease of fertility by erosions and overexploitation of soils. What drove to the fall of production in farmer exploitations. Facing to this problem, there were new varieties introductions in reinforcement to the local varieties judged very sensitive. The management of this genetic diversity by peasants agitates this study. Achieving this study, a questionnaire of investigation has been elaborated and has been managed to 60 households farmers of cassava in these groupings because of 20 households by grouping.
At the end of the investigation the following results have been gotten: 22 varieties are cultivated in these three groupings are Cibongoyoka, Cintalula, Kabunga, Kamegere, Liyayi, M’bailo, M’buchunguli, M’bushenyi, M’kanyunyi, M’katemba, M’ mbiyombiyo, M’meyana, M’muzungu, M’pharmakina, M’rhukubambuguma, M’santo, Maombi, Nabinzonza, Nakasharhye, Sawasawa, Sekanti and Sukisa.
The big parts of these varieties have been gotten by people who make journeys (traveler) of an area to another, and it can bring the proliferation of the illnesses.
The most favorite varieties by the peasants are in majority of the local varieties because of their meal of good quality to produce the foufou, to the detriment of the varieties say improved that are better for the accompaniment that for the production of the foufou. One notices that local varieties are most sensitive to illnesses and to devastating whatever favorites in relation to the improved varieties that are resistant or tolerant.
The fashions of management depend more of the taste of the variety because the soft varieties are put far of houses of dwelling and the bitter varieties are cultivated everywhere where one has the field.
XI
75% of the population of our sample put the varieties of in bulk cassava without taking into account the own characteristics of every variety
The peasants of these groupings search for the bitter varieties in order to reduce the rate of flight of the harvest
The peasants have lost 33,01% of the declared varieties on average on the whole of these three groupings and it for reason of bad appreciation of some varieties and especially the improved varieties.
Key words: Genetic diversity, Cassava and Peasant management.