Arrow Table de matières
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BIBLIOGRAPHIE, TABLE DE MATIERE

Les ouvrages  et nous ont permis de choisir le style d’écriture dans les généralités sur

la gestion intégrée de la fertilité des sols en Afrique

  1. Adenisa AA, 1996, Factors affecting the adoption of fertilizers by rice farmers in Cote

d’Ivoire, Nutrient Cycling and Agroecosystem, 46:29-39p

  1. African fertilizer summit, 2006. African fertilizer summit proceedings, IFDC, Muscle shoals, Alabama, USA. 531p
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  3. Balume M, 2009, Essai d’adaptation des quatres varieties du maïs dans le marais de

Kavumu, inedit, UCB, Bukavu, 54p

  1. Banque mondiale  –  Région  Afrique, 2006,  Promoting  Increased  Fertilizer Use in Africa: lessons Learned and Good Practice Guidelines. Africa Fertilizer Strategy Assessment, ESW Technical Report, Washington, USA, 432p
  2. Bationo A, Kimetu J, Ikera S, Kimani S, Mugenda D, Odendo M, Silver M, Swift MJ and Sanginga N, The Africa Network for soil biology and fertility. New challenge and opportunities. In Bationo A, 2004, Managing of Nutrient Cycles to sustain soil fertility in Sub-Saharian Africa. Academy of science publishers, Nairobi, Kenya, 1-23pp
  3. Bationo A, Hartemink A, Lungu O, Naimi M, Okoth P, Smaling E, Thiombiano L.,

2006, African Soils: their productivity and profitability of fertilizer use. Document de base présenté à l’occasion du Sommet africain sur les engrais, 9-13 juin 2006, Abuja, Nigeria, 52p

  1. Bationo A et Waswa B, 2007. Lessons learnt from long-term experiments in Africa.

In: Success stories of agricultural long-term experiments. Conference report of Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, 28-29 May 2007. Kungl.Skogs- Lantbruksakademines TIDSKTIFT, 413p

  1. Bationo A, 2008, Integrated soil fertility management option for agriculture intensification in the Sudano  Sahelien  zone in  West  Africa.  Academy of science publishers, Nairobi, Kenya, 356p
  2. Bingen J, Serrano A and Howard J, 2003, Linking farmers to markets: Different approaches to human capital developpement. Food Policy, 28: 405-419p
  3. Bouis HE, Graham RD and Welch RM, 1999, The consultative group on international agricultural research   Micronutrient   project:   Justification   History,   Summary   of

findings. Paper presented at a worked shop on improving human nutrition through

Agriculture: The role of International agriculture research. IRRI, Philippines, 35p

  1. Cadisch G and  Giller  KE,  1997,  Driven  by  nature:  Plant  litter  quality  and decomposition. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 265p
  2. Crawford E., Kelly  V.,  Jayne  T.S.  and  Howard  J.,  2003.  Input  use  and  market developpement in Sub-Saharan Africa: An overview. Food Policy 28:277-292p
  3. Deckers J, Nachtergaele F, Spaargaren O (2003) Tropical Soils in the Classification Systems of USDA, FAO and WRB. In: Evolution of tropical soil science: past and future: Workshop Brussels, 6 March 2002, Royal 585 Academy of Overseas Sciences, Brussels, pp 79-94
  4. Eilittä M, Mureithi J. and Derpsch R, 2004, Green Manure/Cover crop Systems of smallholder Farmers. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands.
  5. FAO/UNESCO (1998) Soil map of the world. Revised Legend. World Resources

Report 60, FAO, Rome

  1. FAO et IFA, 2003, Les engrais et leurs applications, IFA, FAO et IMPHOS, 80p
  1. Giller KE, Cadish G, Mugwira LM, Potential benefits for interaction between mineral and organic nutrient sources, in Waddington, Murwira, Kumwenda, Hikwa, Tagwira,

1998  Soil  fertility  research  for  maize-based  farming  systems  in  Malawi  and

Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe, p 155-158

  1. Giller KE, 2001, Nitrogen Fixation in tropical Cropping Systems. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 543p
  2. Harris PJC, Bowne AW, Barret HR and Cadoret K, 2002, Facilitating in including resource-poor organic production and trade: Opportunities and constraints posed by certification, Henry Doubleday Research Association, Coventry, UK, 712p
  3. Henao J., Baanante C.A. (2006). Agricultural Production and Soil Nutrient Mining in

Africa. Summary of IFDC Technical Bulletin, IFDC, Muscle Shoals, Alabama, USA,

75p.

  1. Hudgens, RE. 2000. Sustainable soil fertilizer in Africa: The potential for legume green manure soil technologies for sustainable smallholder farming system in East Africa In : Proceedings of the 15th conference of the soil science society of East Africa, Nanyuki, Kenya, 63-78p
  1. IFDC, 2009, Rapport des activités effectuées à l’est de la république démocratique du

Congo, Kigali, 16p

  1. IITA, 1992, Sustainable  food  production  in  sub-Saharan  Africa,    IITA,  Ibadan, Nigeria, 453p
  2. Lekasi JK, Tanner JC, and Harris PJC, 2003, Cattle manure quality in Maragua District, Kenya: Effect of management practices and developpement of simples methods of assessment, Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environnement 289-298p
  3. Mairura FS, Mugendi DN, Mwanje JI, Ramisch JJ, Mbugua PK and Chianu JN, 2007, Integrating scientific and  farmers  evaluation  of  soil  quality  indicators  in  Central Kenya. Geoderma 139:134-143p
  4. Mafongoya PL, Bationo A, Kihara J, Waswa BS, 2006, Appropriate technologies to replenish soil fertility in southern Africa. Nutrient Cycling Agroecosystem 76:137-

151p

  1. Manlay RJ, Kiaries M, Masse D, Chotte JL, Ciornei G and Floret C, 2002, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus allocation in agroecosystems of a West African savanna, Agriculture, Ecosystem and environnement, 88:215-232p
  2. Myers RJK, Palm  CA,  Cuevas  E,  Gunatileke  I.U.N.  and  Brossard,  M,  The synchronization of nutrient mineralization and plant nutrient demand In Woomer, P.L. and Swift MJ, 1994, The Biological Management of Tropical Soil Fertility, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, Wallingford, UK, 81-116p
  3. Ojiem JO, 2006, Exploring Sociecological Niches for legumes in smallholder farming system of Western Kenya. PhD Thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 234p
  4. Prudencio CF, 1993, Ring management of soils and crops in West African semi-arid tropics: The case  of  the  Mossi  farming  system  in  Burkina  Faso.  Agriculture Ecosystems and Environnement 47: 237-264p
  5. Pypers P, Verstraete S, Thi, CP and Merckx R, 2005, Changes in mineral nitrogen fixation, phosphorous availability and salt extractable aluminum following the application of green manure residues in two weathered soils of South Vietnam. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 37:163-172p
  6. Pypers P., 2010, Integrated soil fertility management: The TSBF definitions, seminar at UEA, 11th May 2010. Bukavu, DRC
  7. Pypers P, Vandamme E, Sanginga JM, Tshibinda T, Walangululu MJ, Merckx R and Vanlauwe B, 2010, K and Mg deficiencies corroborate farmer’s knowledge of soil fertility in the Highland of South-Kivu,  Democratic Republic of Congo,  Nutrient Cycling and Agroecosystems, in press
  1. Sanchez PA, Shepherd  KD,  Soule  MJ,  Place  FM,  Mokwunye  AU,  Buresh  RJ, Kwesiga F.R., Izac A.N., Ndiritu C.G., Woomer P.L, Soil fertility replenishment in Africa: An investment in natural resource capital in: Buresh RJ and Sanchez PA, 1997, Replenishing soil fertility in Africa. Madison, USA, Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, SSSA Special Publication 43-121p
  2. Sanginga N, Woomer  P,  2009,  Integrated  soil  fertility  management  in  Africa: principles, practices and process developpement, TSBF-CIAT and FORMAT, Nairobi Kenya,
  3. Sanginga N, Okogun JA, Vanlauwe B, Diels J and Dashiell K, 2001, contribution of nitrogen fixation to maintenance of soil fertility management with emphasis on promiscuous soybean maize-based cropping systems in moist savanna of West Africa in Tian G, Ishida F, Keatinge JD, in sustaining soil fertility management in West Africa, America Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI. 23-67p
  4. Schoël, 1998, La gestion de la fertilité des sols, AGROMISA, Wageningen, 112p
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TABLE DE MATIERES

PRELUDE .................................................................................................................................. 1

DEDICACE................................................................................................................................ 2

REMERCIEMENTS .................................................................................................................. 3

LISTES DES TABLEAUX ET FIGURES ................................................................................ 5

INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 6

CHAPITRE I: PRINCIPE DE LA GESTION INTEGRE DE LA FERTILITE DES SOLS (GIFS)......................................................................................................................................... 9

1.1 OBJECTIFS DE LA STRATEGIE GIFS EN AFRIQUE ................................................ 9

1.1.1. Généralité ................................................................................................................. 9

1.1.2. Les engrais comme point d’entrée du GIFS ........................................................... 10

1.1.3. Importance de l’efficacité agronomique dans la stratégie GIFS ............................ 12

1.2. COMPOSANTES DE LA GIFS ................................................................................... 14

1.2.1. Gestion des engrais minéraux dans la GIFS en Afrique ........................................ 14

1.2.2. Gestion de la matière organique dans la GIFS en Afrique..................................... 16

1.3. ROLE CENTRAL DES LEGUMINEUSES DANS LA GIFS ..................................... 19

1.3.1. Rôle centrale........................................................................................................... 19

1.3.2. Faiblesse d’adoption............................................................................................... 20

CHAPITRE II: METHODOLOGIE......................................................................................... 22

2.1. Description du site......................................................................................................... 22 a)       Le climat ................................................................................................................ 22 b)           Le sol ...................................................................................................................... 22 c)    Caractérisation des champs .................................................................................... 23 d)  Caractérisation des ménages .................................................................................. 25

2.2. Matériels ........................................................................................................................ 25

2.2.1. Le Haricot Volubile AND 10 ................................................................................. 25

2.2.2. Le maïs hybride WH403 ........................................................................................ 26

2.3.  Méthodes ...................................................................................................................... 26

2.3.1.  Choix du site.......................................................................................................... 26

2.3.2.  Disposition expérimental....................................................................................... 27

2.3.3.  Conduite de l’essai ................................................................................................ 29

2.2.4. Paramètres observés ............................................................................................... 32

2.2.5. Analyse des résultats .............................................................................................. 33

CHAPITRE III: ANALYSES ET DISCUSSIONS DES RESULTATS ................................. 34

3.1.  ANALYSES ET INTERPRETATION DES RESULTAS .......................................... 34

3.1.1. Résultats du rendement du maïs et du haricot au cours des essais......................... 34

3.1.2. Résultat sur l’efficacité agronomique et du rapport valeur coût du maïs et du

haricot. .............................................................................................................................. 40

3.1.3. Résultats sur l’évaluation paysanne en fonction des ménages ............................... 43

3.2. DISCUSSIONS DES  RESULTATS ............................................................................ 44

CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 46

BIBLIOGRAPHIE ................................................................................................................... 48

TABLE DE MATIERES.......................................................................................................... 54

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