BIBLIOGRAPHIE

[1] WHO. The World Health Report: new understanding, new hope. Geneva: WHO; 2001.

[2] Mental illness in general health care.Ustun TB, Sartorius N, editors. An international study.  Chichester:  John Wiley & Sons; 1995.

[3] Supports d’éducation thérapeutique (Hervé JAVELOT (EPSAN, Brumath), extraits notamment de http://www.ma-schizophrenie.com

[4] Rössler W, Salize HJ, van Os J, Riecher-Rössler A. Size of burden of schizophrenia and psychotic disorders. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005; 15(4):399–409.

[5] OMS. La situation de la santé mentale : Guide des politiques et des services de santé mentale. Genève : OMS 2004.

[6] World Health Organization. Atlas: Mental health resources in the world. Geneva: World Health Organization 2001.

[7] Murray CJL, Lopez AD. The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries and risk factors in 1990 projected to 2020. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard School of Public Health on behalf of the World Health Organization and the World Bank (Global Burden of Disease and Injury Series 1996, Vol. 1).

[8] Desjarlais R et al. World mental health: problems and priorities in low income countries. New York: Oxford University Press Inc 1995.

[9] Royal College of Psychiatrists, International Psychiatry, Vol. 7, Issue 2, avril 2010, p. 42: www.rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/IPv7n2.pdf. 

[10] Radio Okapi, Sud-Kivu, le nombre de malades mentaux a sensiblement augmenté, le 10 octobre 2012 : www.radiookapi.net/actualite/2012/10/10/rdc-le-taux-des-maladies-mentales-augmente-au-sud-kivu/; Radio Okapi, Maladies mentales en RDC, une tendance inquiétante, le 10 octobre 2009: www.radiookapi.net/sans-categorie/2009/10/10/maladies-mentales-en-rdc-une-tendance-inquietante/.

[11] Llorca P.M. La schizophrénie. Encyclopédie Orphanet, janvier 2001. http://www.orpha.net/data/patho/FR/fe-schizo.pdf

[12] Aleman A, Kahn RS, Selten JP. Sex differences in the risk of schizophrenia: Evidence from meta-analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60:565–71.

[13] McGrath J. Variations in the incidence of schizophrenia: Data versus dogma. Schizophr Bull 2006; 32:195–7.

[14] Dupont A, Di Paolo T, Gagne B, Barden N. Effects of chronic estrogen treatment on dopamine concentrations and turnover in discrete brain nuclei of ovariectomized rats. Neurosci Lett 1981; 22:69–74.

[15] Cyr M, Ghribi O, Di Paolo T. Regional and selective effects of estradiol and progesterone on NMDA and AMPA receptors in the rat brain. J Neuroendocrinol 2000; 12:445–52.

[16] Mino Y, Oshima I. Seasonality of birth in patients with schizophrenia in Japan. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006; 60:249–52.

[17] Mortensen PB, Pedersen CB, Westergaard T, Wohlfahrt J, Ewald H, Mors O, et al. Effects of family history and place and season of birth on the risk of schizophrenia. New Engl J Med 1999; 340:603–8.

[18] McGrath J, Saha S, Lieberman DE, Buka S. Season of birth is associated with anthropometric and neurocognitive outcomes during infancy and childhood in a general population birth cohort. Schizophr Res 2006; 81:91–100.

[19] Cannon M, Clarke MC. Risk for schizophrenia-broadening the concepts, pushing back the boundaries. Schizophr Res 2005; 79:5–13.

[20] Agerbo E, Byrne M, EatonWW, Mortensen PB. Marital and labor market status in the long run in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004;61: 28–33.

[21] Byrne M, Agerbo E, EastonWW, Mortensen PB. Parental socio-economic status and risk of first admission with schizophrenia – a Danish national register based study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2004; 39:87–96.

[22] Van Os J, Pedersen CB, Mortensen PB. Confirmation of synergy between urbanicity and familial liability in the causation of psychosis. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161:2312–4.

[23] Cantor-Graae E, Selten JP. Schizophrenia and migration: A meta-analysis and review. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162:12–24.

[24] Van Os J, Driesen G, Gubther N. Neighbourhood variation in incidence of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2000;176:2243–8.

[25] Opler MGA, Susser ES. Fetal environment and schizophrenia. Env Health Per 2006; 113:1239–42.

[26] Adams W, Kendell RE, Hare EH, Munk-Morgensen P. Epidemiological evidence that maternal influenza contributes to the aetiology of schizophrenia. An analysis of Scottish, English, and Danish data. Br J Psychiatry 1993; 163:522–34.

[27] Voldsgaard P, Schiffman J, Mednick S, Rodgers B, Christensen H, Bredkjaer S, et al. Accuracy of retrospective reports of infections during pregnancy. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2002;11:184–6.

[28] Brown AS, Hooston J, Schaefer CA, Zhang H, Petkova E, Babulas V, et al. Elevated maternal interleukin-8 levels and risk of schizophrenia in adult offspring. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161:889–95 (a).

[29] Fellerhoff B, Laumbacher B, Wank R. High risk of schizophrenia and other mental disorders associated with chlamydial infections: Hypothesis to combine drug treatment and adoptive immunotherapy. Med Hypotheses 2005; 65:243–52.

[30] McGrath J, Feron FP, Burne TH, Mackay-Sim A, Eyles DW. Vitamin D3- implications for brain development. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 89–90:557–60.

[31] Mackay-Sim A, Feron F, Eyles D, Burne T, Mc Grath J. Schizophrenia, vitamin D and brain development. Int Rev Neurobiol 2004; 59:351–80.

[32] Verdoux H. Perinatal risk factors for schizophrenia: How specific are they? Curr Psychiatry Rep 2004;6:162–7.

[33] Walshe M, McDonald C, Taylor M, Zhao J, Sham P, Grech A, et al. Obstetric complications in patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings. Eur Psychiatry 2005; 20:28–34.

[34] Verdoux H, Gindre C, Sorbara F, Tournier M, Swendsen JD. Effects of cannabis and psychosis vulnerability in daily life: An experience sampling test study. Psychol Med 2003;33:23–32.

[35] Van Os J, Bak M, Hanssen M, Bijl RV, de Graaf R, Verdoux H. Cannabis use and psychosis: A longitudinal population-based study. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156:319–27.

[36] Di Maggio C, Martinez M, Menard JF, Petit M, Thibaut F. Evidence of a cohort effect for age at onset of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158:489–92.

[37] Pistis M, Perra S, Pillolla G, Melis M, Muntoni AL, Gessa GL. Adolescent exposure to cannabinoids induces long-lasting changes in the response to drugs of abuse of rats midbrain dopamine neurons. Biol Psychiatry 2004;56:86–94.

[38] Henquet C, Krabbendam L, Spauwen J, Kaplan C, Lieb R, Wittchen HU. Prospective cohort study of cannabis usse, and psychotic symptoms in young people. Br J Med Available BMJ 2004.

[39] Block RI, O’Leary DS, Hichwa RD, Augustinack JC, Boles Ponto LL, Ghoneim MM, et al. Effects of frequent marijuana use on memoryrelated regional cerebral blood flow. Pharmacol Bioch Behavior 2002; 72:237–50.

[40] Egan MF, Goldberg TE, Kolachana B, Callicott JM, Mazzanti CM, Straub RE, et al. Effect of COMT Val 108/158 Met genotype on frontal lobe function and risk for schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98:6917–22.

[41] Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Cannon M, McClay J, Murray R, Harrington HL, et al. Moderation of the effect of adolescent-onset cannabis use on adult psychosis by a functional polymorphism in the cathecol-O-methyltransferase gene: Longitudinal evidence of a gene X environment interaction. Biol Psychiatry 2005;57:1117–27.

[42] Jockers-Scherubl MC, Danker-Hopfe H, Mahlberg R, Selig F, Rentzsch J, Schureer F, et al. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor serum concentrations are increased in drug-naive schizophrenic patients with chronic cannabis abuse and multiple substance abuse. Neurosci Lett 2004; 371:79–83.

[43] Karege F, Schwald M, Cisse M. Post-natal development profile of brainderived neurotrophic factor in rat brain and platelets. Neurosci Lett 2002; 328:261–4.

[44] Weiser M, Davidson M, Noy S. Comments on risk for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2005; 79:15–21.

[45] Haouzir S, Petit M, Thibaut F. Head trauma as a risk factor for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2000; 41:72.

[46] AbdelMalik P, Husted J, Chow EW, Basset AS. Childhood head injury and expression of schizophrenia in multiply affected families. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60:231–6.

[47] Cyr M, Ghribi O, Di Paolo T. Regional and selective effects of oestradiol and progesterone on NMDA and AMPA receptors in the rat brain. J Neuroendocrinol 2000; 12:445–52.

[48] Shabani et all, Facteurs associés à la schizophrénie chez les maladies mentaux consultés au centre de soins de santé mentale de karhale. 2013